For my source of inspiration I wanted to look at different types of flashbacks and see how we could use these within our scene to give it a basic storyline. I will be looking at the different types of flashbacks from different types of genre's to make sure I have covered a lot of different techniques that each genre has used to make sure that we can make the most of our film opening.
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007)
Genre: Fantasy, Aventure.
In this little snippit from a scene, Harry is having flashbacks from all of the memories he holds dear to him, which Professor Snape is trying to stop him from having to protect him.
Mise En Scene.
When Snape is seen within the first few moments, due to Snape wearing all black he blends into the surroundings, and the lighting around him is very minimal, to emphasise the darkness of his personality on the outside.
Dumbledore is the complete opposite, as he is surrounded by light, showing the goodness and kindheartedness of his character.
Snape looks merely like a silhouette, and blends into his surroundings.
Mise En Scene Continued
Within this scene there is a lot of vertical lines, which suggest strength, which could indicate Voldemort's strength over Harry.
The spacing between Harry and Snape is a social/ public distance, showing the frayed and broken relationship between the two of them. They are never seen directly close to each other, except from when Snake is dragging Harry down the stairs.
Lighting.
The lighting that is shone onto Harry's face is not a pure light, it is a cold blue light which gives a clinical feel to the whole scene, also linked with the bottles of potions in the surrounding areas.
The lighting is artificial due to the fact that there is no natural light, which gives off a warm and comfortable vibe which would completely compromise this scene.
Sound.
Within this scene there is a lot of diegetic sound which is emphasises, such as the bottles clinking, the door creaking open,
There is a non digetic soundtrack overhead, in which is quiet, but is an eerie sound we would usually hear in a tension scene within a horror movie, showing to the audience that something bad is going to happen within the future.
When the flashbacks are playing, the music changes, into a magical tone, which a dominant beat which gets louder, it sounds almost like it is on repeat of a wind up toy-box.
Editing
The flashback editing is incredibly clever within this scene, and i really like it, as there is a sharp distinct sound when the flashbacks start and change to emphasise the fact they are flashbacks.
They are all linked together by cutaways of different memories that Harry has experience, which I really like, because I think it is the most effective way of getting this flashback across.
What i liked.
In this flashback scene I really liked the way in which the camera zooms directly into Harry's face to convey to the audience that this is Harry's mind we are going into, and it is almost like we are the spell travelling towards Harry. I also like the use of quick flashbacks, which then show that if one is shown slower than the rest then it has a large significance within the film.
What could i use in own trailer?
If possible I would like to use the zooming into the face, to emphasise the flashbacks, if it fits in with the scene that we want to create. I also like the use of the slowed down moments within the flashback to emphasise the importance of a fact, a movement, or a piece of dialogue.
Forrest Gump (1994)
Genre: Romance, Comedy.
In this scene Forrest is reminiscing with Jenny about the places that he had visited and how beautiful they all were.
Mise En Scene
The room is filled with soft colours, there is no harsh colours in the room at all making the room seem homely.
The white and cream on the walls connotes to the audience the innocent and venerability of Jenny.
The soft pink bed sheet could show the femininity of Jenny, but due to it being baby pink it could contrast the artifice that pink usually connotes because of the purity of Jenny at this current moment.
Both Forrest and Jenny are wearing the same colour shirt but with different tones, Jenny is wearing a baby blue stripy shirt which is mixed with white which could show her calmness about the situation that he is in, and also with the white it could reinforce her purity which is a contrast to herself earlier in the film. Forrest's shirt is a more masculine blue, which we know does not represent Forrest as such as he has never in the film been completely masculine.
Although we see that Jenny is ill, there is no green present within this scene, which I thought was a bit weird because there would need to be some hint of illness.
The bed that Jenny is laying on also mimics a hospital bed, showing that she is not completely her usual self, and there is something wrong.
The distance between both characters shows a intimate relationship, and that they are both comfortable with each other, and they share a bond of trust and comfort.
In all of the flashbacks, we see that Forrest is in a natural background, and the beauty of nature in it's purest forms, which Jenny is wishing to see, in her bed ridden state.
Both of these images are from the flashbacks that Forrest has when Jenny is asking about how the war was. They are both pieces of beautiful scenery, and show the natural side of the world, linked to Jenny in her natural environment that Forrest thinks is perfect too.
Lighting.
The lighting within this scene is bright and warm when it is on Jenny and Forrest, showing the pureness of their relationship, and that their are no secrets between each other, they love each other for who they are, not for what assets they may have.
Sound
There is next to none non diegetic sound in this scene, to emphasise the simplicity and purity of the relationship between Jenny and Forrest.
Forests dialogue acts a sound bridge to piece together the flashbacks that he is experiencing.
There is very little sound within the clips of Forrest's flashbacks to emphasise the beauty of the surroundings.
Editing
Due to the simplicity of this scene the editing is minimal, even in the flashbacks, as they flow almost like they were supposed to be the next chronological part of the scene.
The transition between the flashbacks are invisible, and smooth, in which people do not notice how smoothly the transition goes through. This is to make sure no attention is drawn to the scene change, but to the characters on the screen and their dialogue.
What I liked
I really like the way in which the editing looks smooth, but within my trailer due to this being a different genre I want to make the contrast between present and a different era look completely rough and not smooth, as they usually are within Horror movies.
What i could use
Although, i think that i could use a smooth transition to create tension and anticipation from the audience, because in Horror movies the transitions are not smooth at all, so if we create one which runs smoothly, and draws no attention to it at all, then the viewing audience are more likely to jump and become scared at points in which are scary. Also I like the idea of a sound-bridge between the shots, which could be introduced by maybe a scream.
Within the scene, there is no non-diegetic sound overlay. Instead, the majority of the scene is in silence which contributes towards creating an eerie atmosphere, alsomaking the sounds that do follow, more pronounced and emphasised in comparison.
The silence also adds to the intended realism, re-enforcing that the footage is being filmed by the characters within the plot and so the audience is expected to view it just as they would, to develop the same sense of intense fear.
However, as the supernatural activity begins, it is introduced using a diegetic high frequency buzzing that rises and falls, representing something unnatural occuring and creating unease.
Even the dialogue between the two characters onscreen is quiet and in hushed tones as to make the corresponding sounds louder.
In terms of producing the scene, silence and lack of non-diegetic overlay would be beneficial for us to adopt a similar approach as it would enable us to produce effective sound with a low budget and little time needed for sound editing.
Camera
To manipulate the naturalistic approach within the film, this scene is filmed from the same angle entirely to act as a home video but also, a wide, full shot is used to show the scale of the large room and it's high ceilings in comparison to the two small girls, making them appear much smaller despite the youngest girl seemingly having most influence over 'Toby'.
In terms of creating a scene with this camera shot, it would be easier to shoot than perhaps track filming but unless it corresponds with the plot, could end up being boring and reduce the desired frantic atmosphere.
Editing
Apart from the special effects are used to create the movement beneath the bedsheets and to pull the items across the room and the parallel editing between bedrooms, there is little editing to re-enforce the intended natural location of the supernatural events.
The special effects used are very effective but could not be achieved by us, as with a low budget, attempts at similar effects would be very obvious and could possibly be noticabble enough to ruin the scene itself.
Lighting
Although both rooms used in the scene are supposed to be in darkness due to the scene being during night time, artificial blue light is directed down upon the beds in both scenes, highlighting the characters presence and their importance in the scene, as in the young children's bedroom, the audience is required to focus on that section of the bedroom to notice the small events that lead up to the child being dragged from her bed.
Mise En Scene
The sloped ceilings of the children's bedroom are included in the shot to add to the anxiety, the diagonals representing that something is wrong, foreshadowing the unnatural events to follow.
The two girls are both dressed in white to emphasise their innocence and also the importance of theiryoung age, showing them as victims and being vulnerable.
The framing is lose to allow frequent movement around the room, also to make the girls appear smaller in comparison and to show that the young girls are not trapped as the youngest has control over the supernatural.
The youngest girl's power despite age and size is also manipulated by placing her bed furthest from the camera, representing she is the smallest character involved.
Night-time and darkness to convey that everything should be at rest in contrast to the panic in reality, conforming to the horror genre conventions.
Set in a house, the location is less remote than expected of the genre, subverting the conventions but also, making it easy to replicate in terms of creating a similar opening. The unusual use of setting is effective within the film as it is purposely naturalistic.
The sound in this part of the scene is diegetic, as the characters within the scene are hearing the conversation, but to us it seems like a voice over as we are panning in to reveal the subjects, we are not directly brought to see them. Which uneasily sets the scene foreshadowing the revelation that is to come.
The background noise of the car horns, and the rustling of the wind and the leaves leads us to believe that everything is normal within this scene, showing that there is nothing wrong and everything is as it seems.
The silence of the two main protagonists in the car shows the distance between them, within their relationship. It conveys an issue, and we see very clearly in the next part of this scene what this issue is and what can be done about it.
Camera Angles
The shot is an establishing shot, as it is focusing on the surroundings of the characters, and at first there are no clear protagonists, which are focused on solely by the camera angles.
A track is used to get closer towards the car, a smooth movement us used indicating that there is nothing wrong and that everything is as it seems in reality.
Lighting
This scene is naturally lit, which is unusual for a horror scene, but as this is a psychological horror, it tries to comply with reality, and play on this fact, making us believe that the natural lighting is warm and inviting when really it is conveying the opposite after there has just been a major traffic accident.
The lighting is moderate and not high key or low key due to the fact that there is no atmospheric pools of light or darkness. This conveys to the audience the feel of normality and reality.
Mise En Scene
The cars are all dull colours, not one car stands out, they all look grey or dark green which connotes to the audience the themes of corruption and dullness, hinting to the audience what will be in the scene, before we here or see the characters.
The red tail lights on the cars are the dominant, and they connote the danger, it could show the dangers of the cars, or it could be showing the danger that the child is to himself.
The cars are all at a diagonal angel to fit them into the shot, but also conveying to the audience that something is not right, suggesting the tension and anxiety of the characters.
The two yellow lines that run parallel could indicate that the two lives of the mother and child will always be separate, they will never be able to fully understand what the other is going through, as the lines will never meet.
The framing is very tight, due to the amount of traffic there is no where for the cars or the people involved in the cars to move too, indicating that they will be stuck in this position for some while.
There is a moderate amount of visual information, as we can set the scene and establish what has happened, but we do not know if what we think is confirmed, as there is not enough clear information, all we can see is a traffic jam, which we believe to be caused by a crash, but our ideas can not be confirmed because there is not enough visual information.
Editing.
There is no clear difference of editing in this shot, as it is all one shot, the only change is when the car window appears and we see the two characters emerge.
Inside the Car.
Sound.
All the sound within this clip is diegetic, with the sound of the car's beeping in the background, and the rustle of the wind it makes this clip seem ordinary with no indication of any uncomfort but due to the surrounding sounds being too normal, it plays on the mind of the viewer, questioning all of the sounds within the scene, and all of the motives of the sound.
The dialogue is all on one tone, suggesting to the viewer that something is not right, as the tone does not change correctly as it would in a normal conversation. Also there are a lot of pauses between the lines of dialogue, showing that there is a lot of reluctancy to answer the questions.
Lighting
The light in which is used to light this frame is natural, as the show is lit all around, and from all angles, which can only be done with natural lighting. The lighting suggests that everything is as it seems and is normal, even though we as an audience suggest that something is going to happen in the near future.
Camera Angles
The shot is framed with the outside of the car door, as if we are outside the car looking in, giving us as an audience a outlookers's perspective, as we are not really yet connected with the two characters who are within the car.
A medium shot is used to solely focus on the facial reactions between the two characters, as a full shot is not required, also if a full shot was used it would diminish the view in from the window.
A Two shot is also used to show the son and the mother engaged in conversation, it shows the relationship between the two, showing how close the relationship is, and how linked both of the characters are.
We are on eye shot with the characters and are not looking down on them, or looking up to them, showing no shift of power, and showing that we can emphasise and engage with the characters.
Mise En Scene
The women in this shot is dressed in a red top, this connotes to the audience danger, and foreshadows what is to come in the near future.
The way in which the two characters are positioned shows a close bond between the two, but in this scene it looks like the relationship is frayed by the body positions.
The background is in focus, showing that what is going on in the background is also important.
There is a lot of black within the scene, showing darkness and conveying death, which is a typical theme within this scene.
The density of this shot is moderate, as they is a fair amount of information within the shot, but it shows that there are still many questions that are still left unanswered.
There is no where for the characters to escape as the framing is tight, showing that the characters are unable to move, and are trapped.
Editing.
The editing within this scene is minimal, to focus solely on the characters interactions. There is a lot of invisible editing to emphasise this fact. .
There is very little editing, and the only change in shot is between the focus on the little boy, and his mother to show the reaction shots between each other, to maximise each person's facial reaction.
The Blair Witch Project ends on a rather uneasy scene and there are a few things that are interesting. These things are with concern to the upcoming coursework project.
Firstly;
Mise en scene
The scene is in colour until the two characters enter the house. This suggests that something within the house is uneasy.
The shot is a POV shot throughout because it is supposed to be filmed on a handheld camera. This adds to the suspense as the camera is mostly always shaking, showing us that the character is scared. This makes things more tense for us because out focus is always moving around and we do not know what to look at.
There is also very little lighting in the first few seconds of this scene. A lack of light makes it much more eerie because we cannot see much. Not being able to see much slightly panics us as we would prefer to know what is coming. What we do have as lighting, is artificial as the scene is set at night.
All of these techniques put us in the same position as the characters, as we can only see what they can too. By doing this, our fear of the unknown increases dramatically.
The fact that the person holding the camera is a woman also makes the scene more tense. Categorically, we see women as helpless and vunerable and the fact that she is the one filming all of this makes us uneasy.
The shots of the house show us that it is probably unused as it is in pretty bad shape.
When we see this, it also makes the house more eerie because it adds to the idea of something being wrong. The characters believe that they can hear their friend shouting in the house and it would be very odd have a house in the middle of the forest.
The scene constantly switches between colour film and black and white. This adds a sense of unease as there is no consistency.
At one point, there are things on the floor that we cannot really identify. They look like leaves and, if they are, this would add to the inconsistency of the film as it would be odd to find leaves inside a house. Especially covering the whole floor.
The camera shows that the windows, and doors, appear completely black, suggesting that there is no way out of this house. That these two people are now trapped.
At one point, we can see lots of handprints on the wall of the building. These handprints are all at different heights and look as if whoever did them, did them in a struggle.
They also to be a brown/red colour, implying that it might have once been blood.
Also, they resemble a 'Stop' type of sign. This tells us that there may be danger ahead and that the people walking should stop and turn around.
In the following few seconds, we see more handprints in the same position, but less this time. This implys that the characters are running out of time to turn back.
Finally, we see the other character facing a wall and not moving. This really starts to build the suspense as we do not know why he is doing that and how he got like it.
The fact that he doesn't respond the girl screaming connotes that something has gone seriously wrong and he is not leaving the house.
The final shot is on the side as the girl has been knocked over by something. The canted framing here tells us that something is not right in the house.
Sound;
The sound throughout this scene is all diegetic. It is only the characters talking.
Apart from this, it is silent. The silence makes the scene eerie as we are waiting for something.
Also, the fact that we can only hear what the characters are hearing, puts us in exactly the same position as them
Editing;
There is a lot of cross cutting between the two different cameras (one is black and white, and one is colour)
This is a wide angle shot in order to show not only the bedroom but also to show down the hallway as if to show the viewer that they are supposed to be looking out for something otherwise the camera would only be focusing on the bedroom, or the door would be closed.
This is quite a loose fitted frame so the characters have room in order to move around the scee and also with the door open it adds a lot more space than if it was closed.
It has a deep depth of field so that the viewer can see clearly down the hallway and so that nothing is not visible.
By having the time in the corner of the video you can tell that this is a hand held camera and that it has been set up on a tri-pod in order to catch something or someone.
Sound
There is no sound at all for the majority of this part of the scene.
There is the sound of someone walking across the floorboards which is diegetic in order for the people to hear it in the bed. This conforms to the supernatural horror due to us knowing that there are only two people in the house and that we never see who is creating this noise, adding tension and fear.
Editing
There is no real editing from this scene only Continuity Editing which is commonly used in film making.
Mise En Scene
This is Low Key lighting so the scene is extremely dark indicating that it is night. This therefore conforms with the genre as it will make people scared to sleep as this event is happening at night whilst these people are asleep. The darkness also acts like a threat and conceals us from seeing everything that could be going on and therefore restricts us from seeing everything.
When the light comes on it doesn't lighten up much of the scene and still leaves it pretty much in darkness and you cannot see anyone coming up the stairs which is scary as then you know that it is a paranormal genre.
Although it should be the people that are the dominant I think that the first thing the eye is drawn to is the door way because it is swamped in darkness and by having it in the scene it makes the door become more significant and important.
In the last screen shot you can see that the people in the bed have woken up due to the footsteps coming towards them. This therefore shows that they are fearful of these footsteps as they sat up very quickly and therefore it is as though they where waiting for it to happen by linking this is with the camera being set up.
The idea that the lights went on, off and then back on again shows the travelling of this invisible demon/ghost as, as they go up the stairs the light goes on they are coming up the stairs and when they reach the top they go off. This is backed up as the footsteps are coming closer to them as they get louder as they walk towards them.
It is quite a vertical composition which suggest strength however this is sort of subverted due to the fact that in this scene the mysterious invisible person is stronger than they are because although you cannot see them you can see that the power that have is stronger over the people who are in the bed because when they hear this is scares them more.
The hallway distorts the scene as it creates an illusion of further depth.
There are blacks and whites in this scene and they are the dominating colours in this scene and this shows that this house in usually calm and safe however the darkness shows that there is a threat within in the house and this shows that they are perhaps being trapped by this darkness.
By putting the two people at a intimate distance it shows that they are in a relationship as they are both in the same bed as well. It also shows that perhaps that they are protecting each other as they are expecting this thing to happen every night.
Door slams shut and the camera goes manual.
Camera Angles
It starts in the same wide angle shot as in the scene before which shows the viewer the door slamming shut with no one pulling it or slamming it shut. This again conforms with the Paranormal genre.
It then flows into the man picking up the camera manually and then taking it over to the door, this shows manual recording and therefore it is on eye level with the man and we are seeing what he is seeing and then when he hands it over to the wife you then see her perspective.
As they manoeuvre the camera is goes between different canted angle movements.
Sound
The sound starts with the bang of the door which is diegetic and will be used in order to make the audience jump when watching it as it is something that they will not be expecting.
After the door is closed we the hear the diegetic sounds of the characters reactions towards this noise and even in their voices you can tell that they are scared due to them shouting.
Editing
Continuity editing which shows how they go from one action to another. Editing it very simple its supposed to be them filming on a hand held camera and therefore it would be simplified.
Mise En Scene
In the top scene you can see that the man is moving around the side of the bed which shows that he is anticipating something happening. Also by having the man getting out of the bed rather than the woman it shows that he is the protector out of the two of them.
When the door slams shut the camera becomes more frantic and so do they and therefore there is this clear divide between when they are sleeping before and the house seems to be calm to the door shutting and the house becoming more all over the place.
When looking under the door you can see some light underneath the door and this shows that whatever shut the door is still out there. Also by filming underneath the door it conforms to the genre because it adds the fear that someone could appear under the door or that the door could re open again.
The scene becomes much tighter when he takes the camera manually and this therefore not only traps them within the room due to the door being shut it also tightens their space due to the camera shot being smaller and the darkness becoming greater.
This brings the audience to a more intimate distances with the character because although we cannot see them our vision is being controlled by them and with the fact that we can hear them breathing and talking closely to the camera it takes us on their journey. This adds to the fear as it makes you feel as though you are there.
It is stark scene and therefore this is done in order to take away any distraction from the viewer to something else which may not be as important, this makes the viewer watch what is going on. As if there was too much going on in the scene it would take away the fear factor of it together.
It goes from a wide angled lens to a telephoto lens.
It is still in a deep depth of field as you can still see objects when it is being put underneath the door.
By closing the door they have made the scene smaller and also trapped the characters inside the room and therefore this makes opening the door scarier as you cannot see what it behind it.
By putting the character behind the camera it takes away our sympathy for them as we cannot see their eyes.
In the top screen shot the man is to the far right of the scene and therefore by having him right on the edge it takes away his importance so that we don't see him whilst the door is slamming shut.
Opening the door
Camera Angle
This is at a slight canted angle and is on eye level with the woman who is holding the camera. This therefore is a low angle looking up at the man showing superiority and power of the man and that perhaps he is the braver one out of the two.
It is a medium shot of the man as it is being shot from his knees up whereas she is behind the camera.
Sound
Is diegetic of them talking to each other as she is telling the man not to go through the door due to not knowing what is behind it. This backs up the idea that she is more scared than he is.
Editing
Again simple Continuity Editing.
Mise En Scene
The dominant of this shot is the man as he is the only person in this screen which we focus on in this shot.
The scene now extremely dark as the camera follows him out into the hallway. We can only see the outline of his arm as he merges in with the darkness around him. This therefore may foreshadow the idea that he dies in the end as though he is disappearing into the darkness around the woman.
The the use of the darkness shows that this thing that is in the house is a threat towards them and this explains why they are so scared.
Vertical lines are the only lines that are strong in this scene shown from the man standing in between them. The vertical lines show strength and this is shown by the man standing between them showing that he has the strength out of the two of them other wise it would be her or he would be standing somewhere else in the shot.
You can see some light at the end of the hallway which shows that a light is on and later on in the scene this is defined as the laundry room. This therefore shows that the laundry room will be of some interest later on in the film. By highlighting the laundry room you are also highlighting its significance towards the film and the supernatural happenings.
Again another extremely stark image because apart from the man and the hallway there isn't much for the viewer to look at.
The depth of field is still deep as by filming on a manual camera the focus will remain the same throughout the shot.
The man is now in the middle of the framing and this shows that his importance has increased from the last shot as he has gone from the edge of the scene, to behind the camera to now being in the centre of the image.
The audience have now come into a intimate distance with the wife however we don't see much of her in this scene and it is as though she is hiding behind the camera showing her fear to the audience by not wanting to show her venturing out into the hallway.
He then turns on the lights to reveal the whole hallway.
Mirrors, Split viewing and the door re closing again
Camera Angle
The camera angle is at the womans eye level who is holding the camera and filming the man.
The camera is held at a low angle due to her being smaller that him and shows that he has more power + superiority in this shot due to him always being in front of her and this shows he is braver than her but also that he is protecting her from anything that could happen.
It is always being filmed on a wide angled shot as the camera is being held horizontally therefore making the shot wider than if it was held portraiture.
Sound
There is still the diegetic sound of them talking to each other, he is always reassuring the woman who keeps telling him not to walk off.
Then in the second shot we hear another diegetic sound of the door slamming shut just as it had done before implying that this invisible demon/ghost has re closed the door. This creates a reaction shot of them turning around as it makes the jump and this would make the audience jump as once again the characters where not expecting it to happen.
Editing
Again simple Continuity editing as the filming is simplified and therefore the editing would be unnecessary.
Mise En Scene
The man is still the dominant of the as the woman never comes out from behind the camera and therefore she cannot be the subsidiary contrast even when the camera faces towards the mirror she still isn't visible.
The use of the mirror conforms to the genre as mirrors are usually used to create fear as if you cannot see something then it can usually be seen in the mirror. Also by having it pointing into the laundry room it creates the tension as that is where the light was coming from before.
The second screen shot is a split shot as the door frame is splitting the woman from her husband as he runs down the hallway she is hiding in the laundry room and it also shows a strong contrast between the light and the dark.
The man stays extremely shadowed for the entire scene and this makes his identity also shadowed this further foreshadows the idea that he won't survive in the end as she is in the light but he is always in the dark and that perhaps his curiosity could get the better of him.
The framing is still quite loose even when she films in the laundry room as this shows that there is room to move around the scene and that they aren't as trapped as they where in the bedroom, however it does not mean that they are safe.
She is at a social distance with the man and therefore we feel like where being taken on a journey with them because we are seeing things from their perspective whereas they could've left the camera in the bedroom. But we are being taken into the fear of it happening. The man is always placed in the middle of the scene
In the bottom screen shot the light on the wall creates a diagonal which shows anxiety and that something isn't right in the house and although it is quite dispersed it still doesn't light up the man that much.
Continued deep depth of field.
Still stark filming in order to not take away distractions away from the fear that is being created by the characters and the events happening around them.